Myopia (Short-Sightedness)

Myopia (short-sightedness) defined

Myopia, often referred to as near-sightedness or short-sightedness, is a common visual condition classified as a refractive error. This means that the eye does not bend (or refract) light properly, causing images to be focused incorrectly. 

In the case of myopia, light entering the eye is focused in front of the retina rather than directly on its surface, which is essential for clear vision. As a result, objects at a distance appear blurry and out of focus, whereas closer objects can be seen more clearly.

Myopia often occurs when the eyeball is elongated. This structural change is what causes light to focus in front of the retina. The severity of myopia can range from mild, with minimal impact on vision, to more severe cases where distance vision is significantly impaired.

Symptoms of myopia

• Difficulty seeing distant objects: Myopia makes it hard to see faraway objects like road signs, whiteboards, or scenery, especially during activities like driving or watching TV.
• Eye strain: Focusing on distant objects can cause eye fatigue and discomfort, particularly after prolonged tasks like presentations.
• Squinting: Squinting temporarily improves focus but may lead to discomfort over time.
• Headaches: Eye strain and squinting can result in tension headaches, especially after activities requiring clear distance vision.

Treatment options for myopia

As myopia is a refractive error, it can be treated or corrected with options such as:

Glasses:

• Glasses with corrective lenses can effectively address both myopia and hyperopia, ensuring clear vision.

Contact lenses:

• Contact lenses rest on the surface of the eyes and can be prescribed with corrective power, providing clear vision and correcting refractive errors.

Surgery:

• Procedures like laser eye surgery reshape the cornea to correct vision and eliminate refractive errors

Prevention and living with myopia

Unfortunately, there is no definitive way to prevent myopia, however adopting certain habits can help manage its effects and support overall eye health:

• Follow a nutritious diet: Vitamins like A and C, along with nutrients like lutein, are essential for maintaining healthy eyes. Incorporate foods such as red peppers and squash into your meals. Learn more about the best foods for eye health here.

• Have regular eye exams: Routine eye tests are crucial for identifying eye conditions early, even if your vision seems unaffected.

• Protect your eyes: Environmental factors can impact eye health. Use glasses with UV filters to protect against harmful sun rays and wear appropriate safety goggles for activities like DIY. Find more tips on keeping your eyes healthy here.

• Lenses: Myopia typically develops fully by the age of 16, but it can be managed through myopia control options, such as prescribing corrective glasses or contact lenses early to help mitigate its effects.